No matter where you stand on the animal exploitation meter, you might want to know that blood from slaughtered animals is used as adhesive in plywood, or that the keratin in your shampoo comes from ground-up horns, hoofs, feathers, quills, and hair of various creatures.

Gelatin

Gelatin is prepared using animal bones,skin, hooves, claws, etc. Gelatin is not vegan, not vegetarian, and definitely not necessary. A natural gelatin replacement is agar also known as kanten.

Where is gelatin hidden?
Gel caps (vitamins), yogurt, cereals, marshmallows, cakes, ice cream and some candies. Also in shampoos, face masks, and other cosmetics.

Carmine

It takes 70,000 beetles to make one pound of marketable carmine. This insect version of the slaughterhouse is not only non vegan, it’s a potential health hazard. Allergies to carmine can be severe. If you prefer your candy didn’t contain crushed beetles, look for some bug-free sweets.

Where is the carmine hidden?
Fruit drinks, sauces, bottled cherries, fabric and cosmetics dye, oil paints, pigments, and watercolors.

Rennet

It’s an enzyme that comes from the stomach of calves and is used most commonly in the manufacture of cheeses. Bad news for chocoholics came recently when the manufacturer of some very popular chocolate bars announced they were beginning to use animal rennet in their products.

Where is the rennet hidden?
Cheese and chocolate.

Here is the complete list of products to watch out for:

A:

ACETATE: Retinol. Vitamin A. Palmitate (see Palmitic Acid). An aliphatic alcohol. Can come from fish liver oil (ie. shark liver oil), egg yolks, butter, lemongrass, wheat germ oil, carotene in carrots, etc., synthetics. In cosmetics, creams, perfumes, hair dyes, vitamins, supplements.

Acetylated Hydrogenated Lard Glyceride

Acetylated Lanolin

Acetylated Lanolin Alcohol

Acetylated Lanolin Ricinoleate

Acetylated Tallow

ADRENALINE: From the adrenals of hogs, cattle and sheep. In medicines. Alternatives: synthetics

AFTERBIRTH: Placenta. Placenta Polypeptides Protein. Contains waste matter eliminated by the fetus. Derived from the uterus of slaughtered animals. Animal placenta is widely used in skin creams, shampoos, masks, etc. Doesn’t remove wrinkles. Alternatives: kelp, vegetable oils.

ALBUMEN: Egg Albumen. Albumin. In eggs, milk, muscles, blood and in many vegetable tissues and fluids. In cosmetics, albumen is usually derived from egg whites. May cause allergic reactions. In cakes, cookies, candies, other foods. Egg whites sometimes used in “clearing” wines.

ALBUMIN: See Albumen.

ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL: See Acetate.

ALLANTOIN: A uric acid from cows, most mammals. Also in many plants (especially comfrey). In cosmetics, especially creams & lotions, and used in the treatment of wounds and skin ulcers.

AMBERGRIS: From sperm whale intestines. Used as a fixative in perfumes and as a flavoring in foods and beverages. (US regulations currently prohibit the use of ingredients derived from marine mammals.) Alternatives: synthetic and vegetable fixatives.

Amerachol”

Aminiuccinate Acid; DL and L Forms

AMINO ACIDS: Animal or plant sources. In cosmetics, vitamins, supplements, shampoos, etc.

AMINOSUCCINATE ACID: DL and L forms. Aspartic Acid. Can be animal or plant (ie. molasses) source. Is a nonessential amino acid. In creams and ointments. Sometimes synthesized for commercial purposes.

Ammonium Hydrolyzed Protein

Amniotic Fluid

AMPD Isoteric Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

AMYLASE: An enzyme prepared from the pancreas of hogs. In cosmetics and Inedicines.

ANIMAL BONES: Bone Meal. In some fertilizers, some vitamins and supplements as a source of calcium, also in toothpastes. Alternatives: plant mulch, vegetable compost, dolomite, clay, vegetarian vitamins.

Animal Collagen Amino Acids

Animal Keratin Amino Acids

ANIMAL OILS AND FATS: In foods, cosmetics, etc. Highly allergenic. Plant derivatives are superior. Alternatives: olive oil, wheat germ oil, coconut oil, almond oil, safflower oil, etc.

Animal Protein Derivative

Animal Tissue Extract – Epiderm Oil R

ARACHIDONIC ACID: A liquid unsaturated fatty acid occurring in the liver, brain, glands, and fat of animals. Generally isolated from the liver. In skin creams and lotions to soothe eczema and rashes.

Artificial Colors: Some artificial colors are made with animal ingredients. cochineal is used to make some red dyes. See Carmine.

ASPARTIC ACID: See Aminosuccinate Acid.

ASPIC: An industry alternative for gelatin. Is made from clarified meat, fish or vegetable stocks and gelatin.

B:

Batyl Alcohol

Batyl Isostearate

BEE POLLEN: Collected from the legs of bees. Causes allergic reactions in some people. In supplements, shampoos, toothpastes, deodorants. Too concentrated for human use.

BEE PRODUCTS: From bees. For bees. Bees are selectively bred. Culls are killed. A cheap sugar is substituted for their stolen honey and millions die as a result. Their legs are often torn off by pollen-collecting trap doors.

BEESWAX: Obtained from the honeycomb of bees. Very cheap and traditional, but harmful to the skin. Some companies won’t use beeswax as it doesn’t permit the skin to breathe. In lipsticks and many other cosmetics, especially face creams, lotions, mascaras, eye creams and shadows, makeup bases, nail whiteners, etc. Used in making candles, crayons and polishes. Alternatives: Paraffin; vegetable oils and fats; ceresin, made from the mineral ozokerite (replaces beeswax in candle making); carnauba wax from the Brazilian palm tree (used in many cosmetic and in the manufacture of rubber, phonograph records, in waterproofing and writing inks); synthetic beeswax.

BENZOIC ACID: In almost all vertebrates and in berries. In mouthwashes, deodorants, creams, aftershave lotions, perfumes, foods, beverages. Alternatives: gum benzoin (tincture) from the aromatic balsamic resin from trees grown in China, Sumatra, Thailand and Cambodia.

Benzyltrimonium Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

BETA CAROTENE: Provitamin A. Carotene. Found in many animal tissues an in all plants. Used as a coloring in cosmetics and in the manufacture of Vitamin A.

BIOTIN: Vitamin H. Vitamin B Factor. In every living cell and in larger amounts in milk and yeast. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, creams. Alternatives: plant sources.

BLOOD: This should be obvious but if it isn’t… From any slaughtered animal. Used in cheese making, foam rubber, intravenous feedings, medicines and as adhesive in plywood. Possibly in foods as lecithin (see choline bitarate). Alternatives: synthetics, plant sources.

BOAR BRISTLES: Hair from wild or captive hogs. In “natural” toothbrushes, hairbrushes, bath brushes, cosmetic brushes and shaving brushes. Alternatives: vegetable fibers, nylon.

BONE ASH: Bone Earth. The ash of burned bones, used as a fertilizer, in making ceramics and in cleaning and polishing compounds.

BONEBLACK: Bone Charcoal. A black pigment containing about 10% charcoal made by roasting bones in an airtight container. Used in aquarium filters and in refining cane sugar. In eye shadows, polishes.

BONE CHARCOAL: See Boneblack

BONE EARTH: See Bone Ash

BONE MEAL: See Animal Bones

Brain Extract

Buttermilk

C:

C30-46 Piscine Oil

CALCIFEROOL: Vitamin D. Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2, Ergosterol, provitarnin D2, Calciferool). Vitamin D3. Vitamin D can come from fish-liver oil, eggs, milk, butter. Vitamin D2 is made by irradiating ergosterol, a provitamin from plants or yeast. Vitamin D3 is from fish-liver oil. In creams, lotions, other cosmetics, vitamins. Alternatives: sunshine, plant sources, synthetics.

CALCIUM CARBONATE: Calcite. Aragonite. A white or colorless powder, crystalline compund, found mainly in limestone, marble and chalk, bones, teeth, shells and plant ash.

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE: Slaked lime, a white crystalline compound prepared by the action of water on Calcium Oxide, used in making alkalies, bleaching powder, etc.

CALCIUM OXIDE: a white soft, caustic solid, prepared by heating Calcium Carbonate; lime: used in making mortar and plaster, and in ceramics.

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE: Any number of phosphates of calcium found in bones, teeth, and other animal tissues and used in medicine and in the manufacture of enamels, glass, cleaning agents, etc.

Calfskin Extract

Cantharides Tincture – Spanish Fly

Carbamide – Urea, urine

Carmine – Cochineal

Carminic Acid – Natural Red No. 4 (E120)

CAPRYLIC ACID: Can come from cow or goat milk. Also from palm and coconut oil, other plant oils. In perfumes, soaps.

CARBAMIDE: Urea. Imidazolidinyl Urea. Uric Acid. Found in urine and other body fluids. Also produced synthetically In deodorants, ammoniated dentifrices, mouthwashes, hair colorings, hand creams, lotions, shampoos, etc. Used to “brown” baked goods such as pretzels.

CARMINE: Cochineal. Carminic Acid. E120. Red pigment from the crushed female cochineal insect. Reportedly 70,000 beetles may be killed to produce one pound of this red dye. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, red apple sauce and other foods. May cause allergic reactions. Alternatives: beet juice, no known toxicity (used in powders, rouges, shampoos); alkanet root, from the root of an herblike tree, no known toxicity (used as a red dye for inks, wines, lip balms, etc. and can be combined to make a copper or blue coloring).

CARMINIC ACID: See Carmine.

CAROTENE: See Beta Carotene.

CASEIN: Caseinogen. Milk protein. In “non-dairy” creamers, many cosmetics, hair preparations, beauty masks. Alternatives: soy protein, vegetable milks.

CASEINOGEN: See Casein.

CASTOR: Castoreum. From muskrat and beaver genitals. Used in perfumes and incense. Castor oil comes from the castor bean and is used in many cosmetics. Alternatives: synthetics, plant sources.

CASTOREUM: See Castor.

CATGUT: Tough cord or thread made from the intestines of sheep, horses, etc. Used for surgical sutures and for stringing tennis rackets and musical instruments, etc. Alternatives: nylon & other man-made fibers.

Catharidin

Ceteth-2 – Poltethylene (2) Cetyl Ether

Ceteth-2, -4, -6, -10, -30

CETYL ALCOHOL: Cetyl Lactate. Cetyl Myristate. Cetyl Palmitate. Ceteth-1, 02, etc. Wax found in spermaceti from sperm whales or dolphin. Used in lipsticks, mascaras, nail polish removers, hand lotions, cream, rouges and many other cosmetics, shampoos, hair lacquers and other hair products, deodorants, antiperspirants (US regulations currently prohibit the use of ingredients derived from marine mammals.) Alternatives: vegetable cetyl alcohol (ie. coconut) synthetic spermaceti.

CETYL LACTATE: See Cetyl Alcohol.

CETYL MYRISTATE/ CETETH-(#): See Cetyl Alcohol.

CETYL PALMITATE: See Spermaceti and Cetyl Alcohol.

CHOLESTERIN: Cholesterol. A steroid alcohol, especially in all animal fats and oils, nerve tissue, egg yolk and blood. Can be derived from lanolin . In cosmetics, eye creams, shampoos, etc. Alternatives: plant sources, synthetics.

CHOLESTEROL: See Cholesterin.

CHOLINE BITARTATE: Lecithin. In all living organisms. Frequently obtained for commercial purposes from eggs and soybeans (when stated soy lecithin). Also from nerve tissue, blood, milk, corn. Choline bitartrate, the basic constituent of lecithin, is in many animal and plant tissues or prepared synthetically. Lecithin can be in eye creams, lipsticks, liquid powders, hand creams, lotions, soaps, shampoos, other cosmetics, candies, other foods and medicines.

Chondroitin: Made from animal cartilage, such as tracheas or shark cartilage.

CIVET. Obtained from the civet, a small mammal, by stimulating it, usually through torture. Civets are kept captive in cages in horrible conditions. Used in perfumes as a fixative.

COCHINEAL (E120): See Carmine.

COD LIVER OIL: Fish Liver Oil. Fish Livers. Used in Lubricating creams and lotions, vitamins and supplements. In milk fortified with Vitamin D. Alternatives: vegetable oils, yeast extract ergosterol, sunshine.

Coleth-24

COLLAGEN: A fibrous protein in vertebrates. Usually derived from animal tissue. In cosmetics. Can’t affect the skin’s own collagen. Alternatives: soy protein, almond oil, amla oil (from Indian tree’s fruit).

CORTICO STEROID: Cortisone. Hormone from cattle liver. Widely used in medicine. Alternatives: synthetics.

CORTISONE: See Cortico Steroid.

CYSTEINE, L-Form: Cystine. Two amino acids which can come from animals.

Used in hair products and creams, in some bakery products and wound healing formulations. Alternatives: Plant sources.

CYSTINE: See Cysteine, L-Form.

D:

Dea-Oleth-10 Phosphate

DNA/RNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Ribonucleic Acid. Polypeptides. Obtained from slaughterhouse wastes. In all living cells. Used in many protein shampoos and cosmetics. Alternatives: plant cells.

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID: See DNA/RNA.

DEPANTHENOL: Panthenol. Vitamin B Complex Factor. Provitarnin B5. Can come from animal or plant sources or synthetics. In shampoos, foods, supplements, emollients, etc.

Desamido Animal Collagen

Desamidocollagen

Dicapryloyl Cystine

Diethylene Tricaseinamide

DIGLYCERIDES: Monoglycerides. Glycerides. From animal fat. In margarines, cake mixes, confectionaries, foods, peanut butter, non-dairy coffee creamer, cosmetics, etc. Glycerin. Alternatives: vegetable monoglycerides and diglycerides, synthetics.

Dihydrocholesterol

Dihydrocholesterol Octyledecanoate

Dihydrocholeth-15

Dihydrocholeth-30

Dihydrogenated Tallow Benzylmoniumchloride

Dihydrogenated Tallow Methylamine

Dihydrogenated Tallow Phthalate

Dihydroxyethyl Tallow Amine Oxide

Dimethyl Hydrogenated Tallowamine

Dimethyl Tallowamine

Disodium Hydrogenated TallowGlutamate

Disodium Tallamido Mea-Sulfosuccinate

Disodium Tallowaminodipropionate

Ditallowdimonium Chloride

DOWN: Goose or duck insulating feathers. Often from slaughtered or cruelly exploited geese. Used in pillows and as an insulator in quilts, parkas and sleeping bags. Bad in cold, wet weather as it packs down. Alternatives: many polyester and man-made substitutes, superior in many ways; Kapok (silky fibers from the seeds of some tropical trees); milkweed seed pod fibers.

Dried Buttermilk

Dried Egg Yolk

DUODENUM SUBSTANCES: From the digestive tracts of cattle and swine. In some vitamins and medicines. Alternatives: vegetarian vitamins, synthetics.

E:

E120: See Carmine.

E542

Edible Bone Phosphate

Egg

EGG ALBUMEN/ALBUMIN: See Albumen.

Egg Oil

Egg Powder

EGG PROTEIN: In shampoos, skin preparations, etc. Alternatives: plant proteins.

Egg Yolk

Egg Yolk Extract

ELASTIN: Found in the neck ligaments and aorta of bovine. Similar to collagen. Can’t affect the skin’s own elasticity. Alternatives: synthetics, proteins from plant tissues.

Embryo Extract

ERGISTEROL: See Calciferool.

ERGOCALCIFEROL: See Calciferool.

ESTRADIOL: Estrone. Estrogen. From cow ovaries and pregnant mares’ urine. Considered a drug. Can have harmful systemic effects if used by children. Used for reproductive problems and in birth control pills. In creams and lotions. Has no effect in the creams as a “nourishing” factor and simple vegetable source creams are considered better. Alternatives: Oral contraceptives marketed today are usually based on synthetic steroids. Phytoestrogens (from plants) are being researched currently.

Estradiol Benzoate

ESTROGEN: See Estradiol.

ESTRONE: See Estradiol.

Ethyl Arachidonate

Ethyl Ester of Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Ethyl Morrhuate – Lipineate

Ethylene Dehydrogenated Tallowamide

F:

FATTY ACIDS: Can be one or any mixture of liquid and solid acids, caprylic, myristic, oleic, palmitic, stearic , behenic. Used in bubble baths, lipsticks, soaps, detergents, cosmetics, shampoos, foods. Alternatives: vegetable-derived acids, soy lecithin, safflower oil, bitter almond oil, sunflower oil, etc.

FEATHERS: Down. Keratin. Generally from exploited and/or slaughtered birds. Can be used as ornaments in whole or can be ground up in shampoos, etc.

Fish Glycerides

FISH LIVER(S): See Cod Liver Oil.

FISH LIVER OIL: See Cod Liver Oil.

FISH OIL: Marine Oil. From fish or marine mammals (including porpoises). Used in soap making, candles, lubricants, paints and as a shortening (especially in some margarines). US regulations currently prohibit the use of ingredients derived from marine mammals.

FISH SCALES: Used in shimmery makeups (eye, etc.). Garbage cans full of scales are sold to manufacturers. Alternatives: mica, rayon.

FLETAN OIL: Rare ingredient derived from fish liver which includes lecithin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D.

FUR: Hopefully speaks for itself.

G:

GELATIN: Sometimes Gel. Protein obtained by boiling skin, tendons, ligaments or bones with water, from cattle and hogs. Used in shampoos, face masks, other cosmetics. Used as a thickener for fruit gelatins and puddings (Jello-brand desserts). In candies, marshmallows, cakes, ice cream, yogurts. On photographic film as a coating and in vitamins as capsules. Sometimes used to assist in “clearing” wines. Alternatives: algae and seaweed (carrageen/ Irish Moss, algin, agar-agar, kelp), Gelozone, used in jellies, plastics, medicines, pectin from fruit, dextrins, locust bean gum and cotton gum. Marshmallows were originally made from the root of the marshmallow plant.

GEL: See Gelatin,

Glucosamine: Made from the shells of crabs, lobster, and shrimp.

Glucuronic Acid

GLUTAMIC ACID: An amino acid found widely in plant and animal tissue. Used as food seasoning and as an antioxidant in cosmetics.

GLYCERIDES: See Diglycerides.

GLYCERIN: Glycerine. Glycerol. Polyglycerol. Polytethylene Glycol (PEG). A byproduct of soap manufacture (normally used animal fat). In cosmetics, foods, mouthwashes, toothpastes, soaps, ointments, medicines, lubricants, transmission and brake fluids, plastics. Alternatives: vegetable or vegetable glycerin, a by-product of vegetable oil soap; derivatives of seaweed, petroleum.

GLYCERINE: See Glycerin,

GLYCEROL: See Diglycerides.

Glyceryl Lanolate

Glycogen

GOOSE INSULATING FEATHERS: See Down.

GUANINE: Pearl Essence. Obtained from scales of fish. Constituent of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid and is found in all animal and plant tissues. In shampoos, nail polish, other cosmetics. Alternatives: leguminous plants, synthetics.

H:

Heptylundecanol

HIDE GLUE: Same as gelatin but of a cruder, more impure form. Alternatives: dextrins and synthetic petrochemical-based adhesives.

HONEY. Food for bees, made by bees. Still a sugar, too concentrated for humans. Contains toxins harmful to humans. Can cause allergic reactions. In cosmetics, foods. Alternatives: Maple syrup, date sugar, syrups made from grains.

HORSE HAIR AND OTHER ANIMAL HAIR: In some blankets, mattresses, brushes, furniture, etc. Alternatives: vegetable and man-made fibers.

Human Placental Protein

Human Umbilical Extract

Hyaluronic Acid

Hydrogenated Animal Glyceride

Hydrogenated Ditallow Amine

Hydrogenated Honey

Hydrogenated Laneth-5, -20, -25

Hydrogenated Lanolin

Hydrogenated Lanolin Alcohol

Hydrogenated Lard Glyceride

Hydrogenated Shark-Liver Oil

Hydrogenated Tallow Acid

Hydrogenated Tallow Betaine

Hydrogenated Tallow Glyceride

Hydrolyzed Animal Elastin

Hydrolyzed Animal Keratin

HYDROLYZED ANIMAL PROTEIN: In cosmetics, especially shampoos and hair treatments. Alternatives: soy protein, other vegetable proteins, amla oil (from an Indian tree’s fruit).

Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Hydrolyzed Casein

Hydrolyzed Elastin

Hydrlyzed Human Placental Protein

Hydrolyzed Keratin

HYDROLYZED MILK PROTEIN: Milk Protein. From cows’ milk. In cosmetics, shampoos, moisturizers, conditioners, etc. Alteratives: soy protein, other plant proteins.

Hydrolyzed Silk

Hydroxylated Lanolin

I:

IMIDAZOLIDINYL UREA: See Carbamide,

INSULIN: From the pancreas of hogs and oxen. Used by millions of diabetics daily. Alternatives: synthetics, human insulin grown in a lab, diet when possible.

ISINGLASS: A form of gelatin prepared from the internal membranes of fish bladders. In foods and sometimes used in “clearing” wines and beers. Alternatives: bentonite clay, “Japanese isinglass”. Isinglass is also a mineral, mica, used in cosmetics.

Isobutylated Lanolin

Isopropyl Lanolate

ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE: Myristate Acid. Myristyl. In most animal and vegetable fats. In butter acids. Used in shampoos, creams, cosmetics, food flavorings. Alternatives: nut butters, oil of lovage, coconut oil, extract from seed kernels of nutmeg, etc.

Isopropyl Tallowatelsopropyl Lanolate

Isostearic Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Isostearoyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

K:

KERATIN: From the ground-up horns, hoofs, feathers, quills and hair of various creatures. In hair rinses, shampoos, permanent wave solutions. Alternatives: almond oil, soy protein, amla oil (from an Indian tree’s fruit), rosemary, nettle. Rosemary and nettle give body and strand strength to hair.

Keratin Amino Acids

L:

L-FORM: See Cysteine.

L-LACTIC ACID: Lactic Acid (a by-product of the slaughterhouse). Produced by the fermentation of lactose when milk sours or from sucrose and some other carbohydrates by the action of certain microorganisms. Can be found in blood and muscle tissue. In skin fresheners, adhesives, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, sour milk, beer, sauerkraut, pickles and other food products made by bacterial fermentation. Used in foods and beverages as an acidulant, flavoring and preservative.

LACTIC ACID: See L-Lactic Acid.

Lactic Yeasts

LACTOSE: Milk Sugar. Milk of Mammals. In eye lotions, foods, tablets, cosmetics, baked goods, medicines, shampoos. Alternatives: plant milk sugars.

Laneth-5 through -40

Laneth-9 and -10 Acetate

LANOLIN: Lanolin Acid. Lanolin Alcohols (Sterol, Triterpene Alcohol, Aliphatic Alcohol). Wool Fat. Laneth-5, -10, etc. Lanogene. Lanosterol. Isopropyl Lanolate. A product of the oil glands of sheep, extracted from their wool. In many skin care products and cosmetics and in medicines. Some cosmetic companies won’t use it because it commonly causes allergic contact skin rashes, and also they consider it to be a cheap filler. Vegetable sources are thought to be better moisturizers; lanolin is too greasy, waterproof and sealing – skin can’t breathe.

LANOLIN ACID: See Lanolin.

LANOLIN ALCOHOLS: See Lanolin.

Lanolin Linoleate

Lanolin Oil

Lanolin Ricinoleate

Lanolin Wax

Lanoinamide DEA

LANOSTEROL: See Lanolin.

LARD: Fat from hog abdomens. In shaving creams, soaps, cosmetics, baked goods and other foods. Hard to digest. Alternatives: vegetable fats or oils.

Lard Glyceride

Lauroyl hydrolyzed Animal Protein

LEATHER: Suede, Calfskin. Sheepskin. Alligator. Kid. Euphemism for animal skin. The use of and sale of it subsidizes the meat industry. Used to make wallets, handbags, belts, furniture and car upholstery, shoes, coats, etc. Alternatives: natural materials such as cotton and canvas. Also man-made materials such as nylon and vinyl.

LECITHIN: See Choline Bitartrate.

Leucine

L-Lactic Acid

LINOLEIC ACID: An essential fatty acid. In cosmetics, vitamins.

LIPASE: Enzyme from the stomachs and tongue glands of calves, kids and lambs. Probably in some vitamins. Alternatives: vegetable enzymes.

LIPOIDS/ LIPIDS: Fat and fat-like substances which occur in animals and plants.

Liver Extract

LUNA SPONGE: Sea Sponge. A plant-like animal that lives in the sea and is becoming scarce. Alternatives: man-made sponges.

Lysine

M:

Magnesium Lanolate

Magnesium Tallowate

Mammarian Extract

MARINE OIL: See Fish Oil.

Mayonnaise

MEA-Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Menhaden Oil – Pogy Oil; Mossbunker Oil

METHIONINE: An essential amino acid found in various proteins. Used as a texturizer in creams.

MILK OF MAMMALS: If this isn’t already obvious, see Lactose.

MILK PROTEIN: Hydrolyzed Milk Protein. From cows’ milk. In cosmetics, shampoos, moisturizers, conditioners, etc. Alteratives: soy protein, other plant proteins.

MILK SUGAR: See Lactose.

MINK OIL: From minks. In cosmetics, creams, etc. Alternatives: vegetable oils and emollients (ie. avocado, almond oil, jojoba).

Minkamidopropyl Diethylamine

MONOGLYCERIDES: See Diglycerides.

Muscle Extract

MUSK: Obtained from the genitals of the Northern Asian small hornless deer. In perfumes and food flavorings. Can cause allergic reactions. Alternatives: labdanum (oil which comes from various rockrose shrubs) – no known toxicity. Other plants have a musky scent also.

Musk Ambrette

MYRISTATE ACID: See Isopropyl Myristate.

MYRISTYL: See Isopropyl Myristate.

Myristoyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

N:

NATURAL FLAVOR: Natural Flavoring. Natural Source. Can mean animal, vegetable or mineral source. Most often in the health food industry, it means an animal source, especially in cosmetics (ie. animal elastin, animal glands, fat, protein, oil). Be wary of this term. Find out exact source.

NATURAL SOURCE: See Natural Flavor.

NUCLEIC ACID: In the nucleus of all living cells. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, conditioners, vitamins, supplements, etc. Alternatives: plant sources.

O:

OCTYL DODECANOL: Mixture of solid waxy alcohols. Primarily from stearyl alcohol.

OLEAN®: Olestra®. A man-made fat substitude that contains fatty acids. Originally planned to be marketed as a drug. Depletes body of, and prevents absorbtion of vitamins. In some potato chips and other fried foods. Alternatives: plant sources.

Oleamidopropyl Dimethylamine Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

OLEIC ACID: Oleth-2, -3, -20, etc. Oleyl Alcohol. Oleamine. Oleyl Betaine. Obtained from various animal and vegetable fats and oils, Is usually obtained commercially from inedible tallow, sometimes synthesized from petroleum. In foods, soft soaps, bar soaps, permanent wave solutions, shampoos, creams, nail polish, lipsticks, liquid makeups, many other skin preparations. Alternatives: coconut oil; see alternatives for animal oils and Fats.

Oleostearine

Oleoyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

OLESTRA®: See Olean®.

OLETH-2, -3-20, 25, 50 ETC./ OLEYL ALCOHOL/ OLEAMINE/ OLEYL BETAINE: See Oleic Acid.

Oleyl Betatine

OLYL ALCOHOL/ BETAINE: See Oleic Acid.

Oleyl Arachidate

Oleyl Imidazoline

Oleyl Lanolate

Ovarian Extract

OX BILE: Oxgall. From castrated bovines. In creams.

OXGALL: See Ox Bile.

P:

PALMITATE: Palmitic Acid. Fatty Acids. From fats, oils, mixed with stearic acid. Occurs in many animal fats and plant oils. In shampoos, shaving soaps, creams. Alternatives: palm oil and other vegetable source.

PALMITIC ACID: See Palmitate.

Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Milk Protein

PANTHENOL: See Depanthenol.

PEARL ESSENCE: See Guanine.

PEG-28 Glyceryl Tallowate

PEG-8 Hydrogenated Fish Glycerides

PEG-5 through -70 Hydrogenated Lanolin

PEG-13 Hydrogenated Tallow Amide

PEG-5 to -20 Lanolate

PEG-5 through -100 Lanolin

PEG-75 Lanolin Oil and Wax

PEG-2 Milk Solids

PEG-6, -8, -20 Sorbitan Beeswax

PEG-40, -75, or -80 Sorbitan Lanolate

PEG-3, -10, or -15 Tallow Aminopropylamine

PEG-15 Tallow Polyamine

PEG-20 Tallowate

Pentahydrosqualene

PEPSIN: Obtained from the stomachs of hogs. A clotting agent. In some cheeses and vitamins. Same uses and alternatives as rennet.

Perhydrosqualene

Pigskin Extract

PLACENTA: See Afterbirth.

PLACENTA POLYPEPTIDES PROTEIN: See Afterbirth.

Placental Enzymes, Lipids and Proteins

Placental Extract

Placental Protein

POLYGLYCEROL: See Glycerin.

Polyglyceryl-2 Lanolin Alcohol Ether

POLYPEPTIDES: See DNA/RNA.

POLYPEPTIDES PROTEIN: See Afterbirth.

POLYSORBATES: Derivatives of fatty acids. In cosmetics, foods.

POLYTETYLENE GLYCEROL/Glycol/PEG: See Glycerin.

Potassium Caseinate

Potassium Tallowate

Potassium Undecylenoyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

PPG-12-PEG-50 Lanolin

PPG-2, -5, -10. -20, -30 Lanolin Alcohol Ethers

PPG-30 Lanolin Ether

Pregnenolone Acetate

PRISTANE: Obtained from the liver oil of sharks and from whale ambergris. See Squalene. Used as a lubricant and anticorrosive agent. In cosmetics. (US regulations currently prohibit the use of ingredients derived from marine mammals.) Alternatives: plant oils, synthetics.

PROGESTERONE: A steroid hormone used in face creams. Can have adverse systemic effects. Alternatives: synthetics.

PROPOLIS: A resinous substance collected from various plants by bees and used in the construction of their hives. In toothpastes, shampoos, deodorants, supplements, etc.

PROVITAMIN A: See Beta Carotene.

PROVITAMIN B5: See Depanthenol.

Purcelline Oil Syn

Q:

QUATERNIUM 27: Tallow. Stearamide. Stearate. Stearic Acid. Stearin. Fat from cows, sheep, etc. (could be dogs and cats from shelters). Most often refers to a fatty substance taken from the stomachs of pigs. Can be harsh, irritating. Used in cosmetics, soaps, lubricants, candles, hairsprays, conditioners, deodorants, creams. Alternatives: can be found in many vegetable fats (ie. coconut).

R:

RENNET: Rennin. From calves’ stomachs. Used in cheesemaking, rennet custard (junket) and in many coagulated dairy products. Alternatives: microbial coagulating agents, bacteria culture, lemon juice.

RENNIN: See Rennet.

RETINOL: See Acetate.

RIBONUCLEIC ACID: See DNA/RNA.

RNA/DNA: See DNA/RNA.

ROYAL JELLY: Secretion of the throat glands of the honeybee workers that is fed to the larvae in a colony and to all queens’ larvae. No proven value in cosmetic preparations. Alternatives: aloe vera, cornfrey, other plant derivatives.

S:

SABLE BRUSHES: From the fur of sables (weasel-like mammals). Used to make cosmetic brushes. Alternatives: synthetic furs and fibers.

Saccharide Hydrolysate

Saccharide Isomerate

SEA SPONGE: See Luna Sponge.

SEA TURTLE OIL: Turtle Oil. From the muscles and genitals of giant sea turtles. In soaps, skin creams, nail creams, other cosmetics. Alternatives: Vegetable emollients. (See alternatives for animal oils and fats.)

Serum Albumin

Serum Proteins

Shark-Liver Oil

SHEEPSKIN: See Leather.

SHELLAC: Obtained from the bodies of the female scale insect Tachardia lacca. Shellac is used as varnish, as a coating on wood and plaster, in electrical insulation, and in sealing wax.

Shellac Wax

SILK: Shiny fiber made by silkworms to form their cocoons. Boiled or roasted in their cocoons to get the silk. Used in cloth and silk screening. Alternatives: milkweed seed pod fibers, nylon, silk-cotton tree and ceiba tree filaments (kapok), rayon, man-made silks. Other fine cloth can be and is used for silk screening. Taffeta can be made from silk or nylon.

Silk Amino Acids

SILK POWDER: Obtained from the secretion of the silkworm. Used as a coloring agent in face powders, soaps, etc. Causes severe allergic reactions; systemic reactions if inhaled or ingested.

SNAILS: Crushed. In some cosmetics.

Sodium Caseinate

Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate

Sodium Coco-Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Sodium Hydrogenated Tallow Glutamate

Sodiurn Laneth Sulfate

Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate

Sodium n-Mythyl-n-Oleyl Taurtate

Sodium Soya Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Sodium Tallow Sulfate

Sodium Tallowate

Sodium / TEA-Lauroyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Sodium / TEA-Undecylenoyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Sodium Undecylenate

Soluble (Animal) Collagen

Soya Hydroxyethyl Imidazoline

SPERMACETI: Cetyl Palmitate. Sperm Oil. Waxy oil derived from the sperm whale’s head or from dolphins. In skin creams, ointments, shampoos, candles, many margarines. Used in the leather industry. May become rancid and cause irritations. (US regulations currently prohibit the use of ingredients derived from marine mammals.) Alternatives: Synthetic spermaceti, jojobas oil and other vegetable emollients.

SPERM OIL: See Spermaceti.

Spleen Extract

SQUALANE: Squalene. Obtained from shark liver oil. Lubricant and perfume fixative. Alternatives: synthetics.

SQUALENE: Obtained from shark liver oil or vegetable oil. An emollient from a “natural source”. A precursor of cholesterol in biosynthesis. In cosmetics, moisturizers, hair dyes. Alternatives: vegetable emollients (olive oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, etc.).

STEARAMIDE/ STEARATE/ STEARIN: See Quaternium 27.

STEARIC ACID: See Quaterniun 27.

STEARYL ALCOHOL: Stenol. A mixture of solid alcohols; can be prepared from sperm whale oil. In medicines, creams, rinses, shampoos, etc. (US regulations currently prohibit the use of ingredients derived from marine mammals.) Alternatives: plant tissues, synthetics.

STENOL: See Stearyl Alcohol.

STEROID: Sterol. From various animal glands or from plant tissues. Steroids include sterols. Sterols are alcohols from animals or plants (ie. cholesterol). Used in hormone preparations. In creams, lotions, hair conditioners, fragrances, etc. Alternatives: plant tissues, synthetics.

STEROL: See Steroid.

SUEDE: See Leather.

T:

TALLOW: Tallowate. Tallow Fatty Alcohol. Stearic Acid. Rendered beef or sheep fat. May cause eczema and blackheads. In wax paper, crayons, margarines, paints, rubber, lubricants, candles, soaps, shampoos, lipsticks, shaving creams, other cosmetics. Alternatives: vegetable tallow (animal tallow usually used commercially), Japan tallow, paraffin, ceresin. (See alternatives for Beeswax.)

Tallow Acid

Tallow Amide

Tallow Amidopropylamine Oxide

Tallow Amine

Tallow Amine Oxide

Tallow Fatty Alcohol

Tallow Glycerides

Tallow Hydroxyethal Imidazoline

Tallow Imidazoline

TALLOWATE: See Tallow.

Tallowmide DEA and MEA

Tallowmidopropyl Hydroxysultaine

Tallowminopropylamine

Tallowmphoacete

Talloweth-6

TALLOW FATTY ALCOHOL: See Tallow.

Tallow Trimonium Chloride – Tallow

Taurine – is found in the bile of mammals. It can be synthesized
in a lab, but in doing so is encredibly harsh on the environment.

Tea-Abietoyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Tea-Coco Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Tea-Lauroyl Animal Collagen Amino Acids

Tea-Lauroyl Animal Keratin Amino Acids

Tea-Myristol Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Tea-Undecylenoyl Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

Testicular Extract

Threonine: natural amino acids, Found in eggs, milk, gelatin…

Triethonium Hydrolyzed Animal Protein Ethosulfate

Trilaneth-4 Phosphate

TURTLE OIL: See Sea Turtle Oil.

U:

UREA: Urine. The waste product of protein metabolism, made by the liver and removed from the body via the kidneys.

URIC ACID: Carbamide. The end product of urine breakdown

V:

VITAMIN A: Retinol. Acetate and Palmitate. (See Palmitic Acid.)

VITAMIN B COMPLEX FACTOR: Provitamin B5. Depanthenol. Panthenol.

VITAMIN B FACTOR: See Biotin.

VITAMIN B12: Usually from an animal source. Some vegetarian B12 fortified yeasts and analogs available. Some vegetarian B12 vitamins are in a stomach base. Plant algae discovered containing B12, now in supplement form (spirulina). Also, B12 is produced in a healthy body.

VITAMIN D: See Calciferool.

VITAMIN H: See Biotin.

OTHER VITAMINS: (Choline, Biotin, Inositol, Riboflavin, etc.). Many other vitamins can come from animal sources. Alternatives: vegetarian vitamins, plant and mineral sources.

W:

WHEY: From milk. Usually in cakes, cookies, candies, cheese. Alternatives: soybean whey.

WOOL: From sheep (in the US, mostly from slaughtered ones). Used in clothing, including blends. Ram lambs and old “wool” sheep are slaughtered for their meat and last shearing. Sheep are transported without food or water in extreme heat and cold. Legs are broken, eyes injured, etc. Sheep are bred to be unnaturally woolly. Inferior sheep are killed. Shearing DOES hurt the sheep. They are pinned down violently, sheared roughly. Their skin is cut up. “Natural” wool raising uses enormous amounts of resources and energy (to breed, raise, feed, shear, transport and slaughter the sheep). Many people are allergic to wool. Alternatives: cotton, cotton flannel, linen, man made fibers.

WOOL FAT: See Lanol.

Wool Wax Alcohols

Y:

Yogurt

Z:

Zinc Hydrolyzed Animal Protein

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The health of these study participants was compared with the average German population. Living longer seems not to be exclusively related to eating meat, though, as the results for moderate vegetarians was not statistically different from those for vegan or strict vegetarian diets.

The most impressive data arises from a study of 1904 vegetarians over 21 years by the German Cancer Research Center. The study’s shocking results: vegetarian men reduced their risk of early death by 50%! Women vegetarians benefit from a 30% reduction in mortality.

To the argument that it is not vegetarianism but a general interest in a healthier lifestyle which leads to such notable results, scientists reply with evidence that the majority of vegetarians do not cite health reasons for their lifestyle, but make their choice based on ethical commitment, environmental concerns or simply personal taste.

Research by a team led by Professor Ibrahim Elmadfa at the University of Vienna found a much better than average intake of Vitamin C, Carotinoides, Folic acid, fiber and unsaturated fats. Where shortcomings may arise is for Vitamin B12, calcium und Vitamin D in a vegan diet. Astoundingly, however, study participants did not suffer from diseases, such as osteoporosis, typically related to inadequate intakes of these micro-nutrients.

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Greens Restaurant
Greens Restaurant, San Francisco, California

Although it is a little pricier than some of the restaurants in San Francisco, this place is worth the money for an elegant dining experience at historic Fort Mason. The rich, flavorful dishes are made with quality organic ingredients and are as appealing to the eye as they are to the palate. The one drawback is that there are few vegan options.

Kate’s Joint
Kate’s Joint, New York City, New York

Nestled in New York City’s East Village, Kate’s Joint offers a wide range of vegetarian and vegan dishes. Meat substitutions such as “unturkey” and “fake steak” may not replace their meaty counterparts seamlessly, but are nonetheless delicious. Kate’s Joint also offers some fine brunch options. Atmosphere is appropriately “Village” for its location, which adds to the fun of the experience.

Red Avocado
The Red Avocado, Iowa City, Iowa

The Midwest’s best kept secret, this little café is an oasis of organic treasures in the midst of the prairies. Located in Iowa City, Iowa, the Red Avocado is a laid back café offering a small selection of sandwiches and soups or Indian style buffet for lunch and pastas and stir-fries for dinner.

Seva
Seva Restaurant, Ann Arbor, Michigan

With an extensive menu full of creative vegetarian and vegan dishes and a wine list to match, this Ann Arbor restaurant is a favorite among residents and passers-through. The patio is bright and comfortable for summer dining and the restaurant inside cozy in the winter.

Millenium
Millennium, San Francisco, California

Although its wood-laden décor suggests an upscale steakhouse atmosphere, there are no animal products to be found on the entirely vegan menu at Millennium. Don’t let this scare your carnivorous friends away; this is vegan fine dining at its best. Millennium offers a variety of creative and delectable dishes made with fine organic ingredients. The Molé Brownie Sundae with its rich chocolate and chili kick cannot be missed.

Watercourse Foods
WaterCourse Foods, 837 E. 17th Ave, Denver, CO 80218

Offering vegetarian and vegan breakfasts, lunches and dinners, this restaurant in downtown Denver combines a lively, family-friendly atmosphere with friendly service to make for a great dining experience. The menu features a number of tofu, tempeh and seitan dishes for dinner, a variety of pastas, sandwiches and wraps for lunch, and a score of scrambles and specials for breakfast. Beware, though, the portions are huge, so you may want to share one entrée with a friend.

Herbivore
Herbivore, San Francisco, California

Located in San Francisco’s historic Mission District, this vegan restaurant makes up in food quality what it sometimes lacks in service. Wait times for meals may be longer during busy times of day, but there is a good reason this restaurant is so popular. The dishes range from Texas-style tempeh steaks to Indian style curries and even a vegan Pad Thai that is delicious.

Sage’s Café
Sage’s Cafe, Salt Lake City, Utah

This Salt Lake City restaurant offers some of the most delicious meals I have ever tasted. Serving organic vegan food with seasonal variations and offering a menu that ranges from pizza and tacos to pastas and brunch options, Sage’s is a delight to the senses for vegetarians and carnivores alike.

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Lea gets a gold star for posing with the adorable rescued mutt Sailor. She explains, “Animals used for fur—including dogs and cats—suffer horrible deaths because some people think it’s OK to make a coat out of them.” The only difference between your “best friend” and animals killed for their fur is the way that they are treated. Foxes, minks, rabbits, and other animals killed for their pelts are bludgeoned, electrocuted, and often skinned alive.

In China, which is now the world’s largest fur exporter, there are no laws to protect animals on fur farms, and dogs and cats are often killed for their fur. The fur is often mislabeled and sold to unsuspecting customers around the world.

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You’re not cooking the olive oil here, so use a good cold pressed, organic variety.

1 bunch asparagus, washed, rough ends snapped
3 handfuls local greens, spinach or mache work well
2 cloves garlic, skin removed but whole
1 cup pine nuts, toasted
1 cup freshly grated parmesan cheese
The juice of ½ a lemon
½ tsp sea salt
¼ cup organic extra virgin olive oil
1 package of spaghetti

Method

1. Blanche the asparagus by boiling it until it turns bright green and then draining it in a colander filled with ice to stop the cooking.

2. Add asparagus to a blender with greens, garlic, pine nuts, parmesan cheese, lemon, and sea salt. Start blending and add in the olive oil gradually.

3. Cook the spaghetti according to the directions.

4. Drain the pasta and top with the asparagus pesto. Sprinkle with parmesan cheese.

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Crash course: Mad cow disease essentially eats holes in the brain and is always fatal. In humans, it initially causes memory loss and erratic behavior. Over a period of months, victims gradually lose all ability to care for themselves or communicate, and eventually, they die. The disease has been traced to farmers’ cost-cutting practice of mixing bits of dead animals’ neural tissue into the feed of cattle, who are naturally herbivorous. If cattle eat the brains of cattle who already have mad cow disease, or of sheep suffering from a similar disease called “scrapie,” the cattle can develop the disease. If humans eat flesh (and possibly milk) from infected animals, they can develop the human version of the disease, called “new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.” The disease is caused by misshapen proteins called “prions.” Prions are virtually indestructible—they aren’t destroyed by cooking, disinfecting, or freezing.

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the tonsils must be removed from cows and other ruminants who are slaughtered in order to prevent the spread of mad cow disease, something that a bison slaughterhouse in North Dakota failed to do, which prompted the recall.

It can take eight years for an infected cow to begin showing symptoms of mad cow disease, but most cattle in the U.S. are killed by age 5, before many would be displaying symptoms. Only a very tiny fraction of the cows who are slaughtered are tested, which means that the only way to ensure that you’ll never get mad cow disease is to go vegan.

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Thousands of books have been written on the thousands of benefits of exercise so here’s just one factoid to pique your interest: Research studies have found consistent moderate intensity physical activity may reduce a person’s risk for developing type 2 diabetes by 40% to 60%.  “Exercise is the fountain of youth.”

Two thirds of Americans say they are likely to seek help for stress and 54% of Americans are concerned about the level of stress in their everyday lives. Here are 12 ways a stressed but Earth-friendly human find inner peace without the stress of substantially deepening her/his carbon footprint.

At 98.7° (body temperature), animal fat is solid (think: pork chop) while plant fat (think: olive oil) is liquid. Not surprisingly, the risk of death from heart attack for the average American is 50%. For a vegan: 4%.

The above steps can value our bodies and our minds. More abstractly, we can green our minds in a few other ways, like mindfulness, interdependence, awareness, and speaking out. As some guy named Proust once said: “The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.”

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Travelling to Berlin and looking for vegetarian or vegan food? Kerstin Linn will show you the best places for eating out in the german capital.

Watch the video:

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• 1 pack gardein scallopini, cut into ¼ cubes
• 6 cups vegan chicken stock (i.e. Better Than Bouillon)
• 1 cup yellow onion, diced
• 1 cup carrots, peeled and diced
• 1 cup peas
• ¾ teaspoon thyme, minced
• ¾ teaspoon sage, minced
• ¾ teaspoon sea salt
• ¾ teaspoon fresh ground pepper
• 1 tablespoon nutrional yeast flakes
• 1 tablespon tamari
• 1 puff pastry sheet rolled out to 12”x10”

Roux

• ¾ cup flour
• ¾ cup Earth Balance Butter

1. pre-heat oven to 375º degrees
2. brown gardein scallopini in a sauté pan with 1 tablespoon canola oil. season with salt and pepper. remove from pan and set aside.
3. to make Roux, melt Earth Balance in a sauté pan, add flour and whisk constantly until light brown in color. cool and set aside.
4. in a 5.5 qt. stock pot cook onions in canola oil for 3 min. and add carrots, sage, thyme, salt and pepper.
5. continue to cook for 5 min. add already boiling stock and simmer for 5 min. whisk in yeast flakes.
6. add the roux a bit at a time and contiune to cook as sauce begins to thicken.
7. stir in gardein scallopini, tamari and peas.  pour mixture into a large shallow pan to cool.
8. once mixture is cool, pour into indiviual ramekins, glass pie pan or small casserole dish.
9. cover mixture with puff pastry (be sure to leave a small excess of pastry for folding and fluting of the edge) and seal edges.
10. cut small slits. bake for 35 min. or until internal temperature reaches 160 degrees.

watch the video:

Note:gardein (garden + protein) is a line of tasty plant-based foods with a meaty texture. It is made from a blend of soy, wheat and pea proteins, vegetables and grains. gardein is high in protein and easy to digest; the majority of gardein products provide a good source of fiber too. gardein is free of cholesterol, and trans fats. gardein products contain no animal or dairy ingredients and the majority of products are also low fat.

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Make the Crust

A great pizza starts with a great crust. Of course, you can always find a premade crust from your local grocery. If you have the time, however, you will be rewarded if you make your own. It gets a bit messy, but it really isn’t very hard.

Add warm water and yeast into a bowl to proof it. Let it sit in water for 10 minutes and if it bubbles its working, if not start over with another package.  While waiting for the yeast to prove itself, mix the flour and salt in a separate bowel. If the yeast is good, add the oil and stir, then add the dry ingredients. It should mix into a dough ball.

Sprinkle some extra flour on a flat surface, add flour to your hands, and need your dough for about 10 minutes. Next put it into a large bowl coated in olive oil. Turn the dough ball around so it is coated in olive oil. Cover the bowl with a damp paper towel, and let it sit for an hour.

After that, the dough ball should be about twice as big. Take your dough and knead it again on a flowered surface; it will go back down in size. Now the dough needs to rest for at least 10 minutes. When you’re ready to make the pizza cut the dough in half and use half to make a 14 inch pizza by rolling out the dough the best you can. Use a rolling pin, if you have one, and try to stretch it into some sort of 12-14 inch shape. Place it on the baking pan or pizza pan that is sprinkled with cornmeal, and don’t worry about the shape the pizza will be beautiful!

Sauce Ingredients

• 15oz. Can tomato sauce
• 2 Teaspoons honey or sugar
• 1/4 Teaspoon cayenne powder
• 2 Teaspoons fresh basil, or 1 teaspoon dried
• 1/2 Teaspoon dried Oregano
• 1 Clove minced garlic
• Salt to taste

Sauce Preparation

Pour tomato sauce into a small saucepan. Add all other ingredients, and simmer for 15 minutes or so to infuse flavors. Spread half of the sauce on each pizza, leaving about of an inch of space around the edges.

Veggies and Fruits

• Tomato
• Onion
• Olive
• Bell pepper
• Red, Green, Yellow Pepper
• Mushroom
• Artichoke
• Sun-dried tomato
• Broccoli
• Corn
• Spinach
• Eggplant
• Zucchini
• Asparagus
• Pineapple
• Jalapeno

Use about 1/2 pound of cheese per pizza, and use as few or as many fruit and veggie toppings as you please.

And now the fun starts, on your crust you can put as much sauce as you like, also you can put all the veggies you like, for example, our favorite veggies are zucchinis, Corn, Red and Green Pepper, Fresh Tomatoes, Mushrooms and 7 oz. of fake cheese. This fake cheese is not made of milk, but vegetable fat, so it’s vegan friendly and although is not tasty, in pizza’s is better then the real cheese, and actually, you probably tried it allready but didn’t even know about it.

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